Para ahli mempersiapkan strain baru flu burung

Pusat Kesiapsiagaan Penyakit Australia (ACDP) sedang bersiap menghadapi potensi kedatangan virus H-5-N-1. Organisasi CSIRO telah mengidentifikasi tiga wabah flu burung yang berbeda di Australia, masing-masing disebabkan oleh jenis virus yang berbeda, namun belum dapat memastikan satu pun kasus H5N1.

A quarantine sign after an outbreak of Bird flu in Victoria. Source: Supplied / DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

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Pusat yang memainkan peran penting global dalam pemantauan dan pengawasan flu burung ini telah mengadakan forum untuk menjelaskan apa itu Flu Burung dan apa yang harus dilakukan ACDP untuk mempersiapkannya.

Flu burung membuat Australia gelisah karena persediaan telur terbatas dan wabah menyebar ke seluruh peternakan di Australia.

Pusat Kesiapsiagaan Penyakit Australia atau ACDP, telah berada di garis depan dalam pengujian dan penelitian mengenai flu burung.

Mereka telah mendeteksi strain H-5-N-1 di wilayah utara dan selatan Australia, namun tidak di sini, di Australia.

Namun Dr Deborah Eagles mengatakan pemerintah sedang mempersiapkan kedatangannya di sini.

[[“So, both globally, and in Australia, avian flu is having a significant impact. Globally, the most significant strain is a H5 virus, and it's more specifically known this particular strain by scientists as H-5-N-1- 2.3 .4.4-B. This has now impacted all continents except for Australia, and that does include Antarctica and has caused deaths of poultry, wild birds, and a range of mammalian species. Both industry and government agencies in Australia across agriculture, health and environment are all preparing for the potential introduction of H-5-N-1 one into Australia.”]]

Temuan terbaru menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga wabah berbeda yang terjadi secara bersamaan di Australia, yang masing-masing disebabkan oleh jenis virus yang berbeda.

Dr Eagles mengatakan, di Victoria, strain virus flu burung H-7-N-3 yang sangat patogen telah terkonfirmasi, begitu juga dengan strain lain di wilayah lain di Australia.

[["Australia has responded to an unprecedented three outbreaks of highly pathic avian influenza of other strains, and this is all since late May. So Australia has had avian influenza outbreaks in poultry previously with eight outbreaks of H-7 highly pathogenic avian influenza since 1976. Prior to this year's outbreaks this year, ACDP has conducted 3,000 tests on a thousand samples since the first detection of H7N3 near Meredith in Victoria in May, and subsequently in H7 and H9 in Terang in Victoria, H7 and eight in New South Wales and ACT. And we've provided a central confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza on each of the infected properties in Victoria, new South Wales, and ACT."]]

Para ilmuwan dapat membedakan antara strain-strain dan wabah-wabah yang terjadi secara terpisah melalui pengurutan genetik.

Dengan menganalisis R-N-A virus, para peneliti dapat mengidentifikasi penanda unik yang membedakan satu strain dengan strain lainnya.

Hal ini memungkinkan mereka melacak evolusi virus dan memahami cara penyebarannya.

ACDP menggunakan teknologi tercanggih untuk melakukan analisis ini, sehingga menyediakan data penting untuk mengelola wabah.

Dr Frank Wong adalah Ilmuwan Riset Senior di A-D-C-P.

[["So the key thing is Avian influenza viruses are named according to the nature of the proteins on the virus surface. So that's how we refer to H-5-N-1 strains or H-7N-3, H-7-N-8-N and so on. So the surface proteins on influenza viruses, they act very similarly to what we might be more familiar with. We've all heard about the spike protein on the covid virus. So influenza virus have similar proteins on their surfaces."]]

Asal usul wabah flu burung saat ini terletak pada tahun 1996, ketika jenis influenza A yang dikenal sebagai H-5-N-1 muncul di Asia Tenggara.

Australia secara historis terlindungi dari flu burung yang sangat patogen karena penyakit ini disebarkan melalui migrasi bebek, angsa, dan angsa dari Asia.

Namun, burung-burung dari Asia yang bertemu dengan burung-burung migran yang terinfeksi dapat membawa virus tersebut ke Australia.

[["So what about in the wild, such as ducks and geese, are the natural host reservoir for all avian influenza viruses where they mostly exist as low pathogenic viruses causing no signs of disease. So when viruses, particularly of the H5 and H7 strains occasionally get introduced from wild birds into large populations of farm chickens, highly pathogenic avian influenza may merge due to virus mutation leading to the devastating H7 outbreaks, for example, that we have recently seen in Victoria, New South Wales and ACT."]]

A-C-D-P memainkan peran global yang penting dalam pemantauan dan pengawasan di sini dan di seluruh dunia.

Sebagai lembaga penelitian terkemuka, A-C-D-P berkolaborasi dengan organisasi internasional untuk berbagi data dan wawasan mengenai flu burung.

Dr Wong mengatakan kerja sama ini membantu melacak penyebaran virus secara global dan mengembangkan strategi untuk mengurangi dampaknya.

[["So this program undertakes active, what we call peace time, Avian influenza virus surveillance in wild bird's samples collected in each Australian state and territory, meaning that this surveillance happens in absence of any obvious signs of disease. And this is important because it allows us to gather the baseline data on viruses that we know within Australian wild birds. So hundreds of bird flu samples collected by this program are analysed here at ACDP allow us to perform what we call genomic surveillance, which provides invaluable information on what virus strains are already in Australia, which highlights the importance of this type of active surveillance program. Effective avian influenza surveillance in wild birds can also provide important early warning of any new viruses that could be carried into Australia."]]