Authorities in Poland have stepped up security in the capital ahead of a march planned by eurosceptic leaders and far-right groups to celebrate a century of national independence.
The march on Sunday is a focus of debate about whether the conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) party of government tacitly encourages groups with roots in the fascist and anti-Semitic movements.
Last year, an annual march organised each November 11 by the far right for nearly a decade in Warsaw was dotted with racist banners such as "pure blood, clear mind" and "Europe will be white or uninhabited".
The slogans fuelled concern about the rise of xenophobia in Poland at a time when other European countries are also grappling with a resurgence of the far right.
Warsaw's city mayor sought to ban this year's march but a court overruled her. The government then agreed with organisers after last-minute talks to hold a joint event to mark a 100 years since Poland's 1918 declaration of independence after an 18th century partition by Russia, Austria and Germany.
"What brings us together is (Poland's) white and red flag," Interior Minister Mariusz Blaszczak told state broadcaster TVP on Saturday. "I invite everyone to attend."
PiS says it rejects anti-Semitism and racism but critics accuse it of quietly siding with the far-right.
Since its election in 2015, the party has seen Poland increasingly isolated in Europe amid accusations of a tilt towards authoritarian rule. It promises more Catholic values and patriotism in public life and more state say in the economy.
The party taps into frustration with liberal values and anti-establishment sentiment that has galvanised far-right voters in other parts of Europe.
